总统府导游词2篇

本文目录总统府导游词南京总统府导游词

hello everyone:

now we will visit the famous tourist site in nanjing——the presidential palace and understand its history.

the presidential palace is located at 292 changjiang road. up to now it is over six hundred years old. it was constructed as the marquis guide’s residence and then prince han’s residence in the early years of the ming dynasty. it successively became the official residences of liangjiang viceroys in the qing dynasty. the emperors kangxi and qianlong often used here as their temporary dwelling palace when they made inspection tours of south china.

during the period of the taiping heavenly kingdom, hong xiuquan erected a large-scale heavenly king’s palace in the compound of the liangjiang viceroy’s official residence.

on 1 january 1912, dr sun yat-sen was sworn in as the provisional president here. it successively became the official residence of the jiangsu military governors, the vice-president’s office and so forth in the following fifteen years. in 1927, the nanjing nationalist government was established and here became the offices of it. after the occupation of nanjing by japanese troops in december 1937, the offices of the nationalist government served in turn as the headquarters of the 16th division of japanese troop. on 23 april 1949, nanjing was liberated. the people’s liberation army occupied the presidential palace on 24 april.

the scenic area of the presidential palace covers a space of 80000 square meters.

the presidential palace

it comprises three pieces of scenery: the former nationalist government and the presidential government in the center; the former provisional president sun yat-sen's office building, the office of the secretary general, the west garden and the general staff headquarters in the west; the executive yuan, the tao shu and lin zexu memorial temple, stable and the exhibition of the material on the liangjiang viceroy's official residence in the east.

the presidential palace has a heave historical culture, unique historical materials and beautiful natural environment with classical constructions. now it was opened to the world as the nanjing museum of modern chinese history.

now, please follow me to visit the presidential palace.

opposite to the gate of the palace across the street is the screen wall. built in 1930, the gate tower is a two-storeyed building with three arch-gates in an imitation of ancient rome style. it used to be the guardroom during the period of the republic of china.

the palace of heavenly king, surrounded by the two walls, is found right at the entrance of the gate. the area within the outer wall was called “the city of sun”， while that within the main inner wall was called “the city of the golden dragon”e were many grand buildings within the two walls. on both sides of the main hall were gardens. the palace is newly restored, including the study, throne and imperial harem. in addition, the history of taiping heavenly kingdom is on exhibition here.

the complex in the east of the count was the yamen of governor general of multi-province. yamen is the government office in feudal china.

the building is the presidential palace. the first floor was the office of secretariat. the second floor was the president’s, vice president’s office and the secretary-general’s office. the third floor was the state conference hall, in which the most important meetings were held once two weeks.

after visiting here, please come with me to continue to visit the western side of the presidential residence.

xuyuan garden is located at the western side of the presidential residence. xuyuan garden was first built for chen li as his mansion in the ming dynasty, some 600 years ago. in 1404, the succeeded emperor zhu di made his second son zhu gaoxu the prince of han. as the prince stuck to stay in nanjing and lived here, the garden had been called xu (yuan) garden since that time.

xuyuan

the garden covers an area of 1.4 hectares, consisting of 3 parts---a small courtyard in front of the garden, he east part with a rocky hill, and the east with a vase-like water pond.

the courtyard is a bit small, but yet well worth seeing because it’s the only passage to the west garden. the outer gate of the yard used to be the place for sedan chair carriers taking the load off their shoulders for rest. on the lintel of the gate is inland a carved brick with two chinese characters “xuyuan”.

when tourists go out of the moon gate, they come to the main body of the west garden. the rocky is the first attraction when visitors enter the main body of the garden from the yard. in a chinese garden, a rocky hill, which is made of the rocks washed in taihu lake, is an artistic imitation of the nature to indicate the harmony between human and the nature.

tongyin hall

northeast to the rockery is tongyin hall. as tongyin is similar to qinyin in sound, which is the sound of ancient chinese music instrument, tongyin implies the connotation of bosom friend——zhiyin in chinese pinyin. a story goes like this.

the fangsheng pavilion, also called “mandarin duck pavilion,” has two roofs linked like two mandarin ducks sleeping with their necks together. seen from far away, the pavilion seems to be twin pavilions. the design is symbolic of faithfulness between man and woman.

the lake we looked is shaped like a porcelain vase. a vase in chinese is pronounced as “ping”, which has a number of the connotations as “peace, safety, harmony, serenity, repose, ease, or tranquility”.

the great attraction in the lake is a marble boat called unmoored boat——a miniature of the famous one in beijing’s summer palace. the boat was built in the 1746 by yin jishan, the governor-general of the multi-province, who wanted to show the reception and hospitality to emperor qianlong during the emperor’s inspection tour here. as the boat is made of marble in water, there is no need to moor it, hence the name “unmoored boat”.

unmoored boat

opposite to the boat, across the lake, lies the pavilion of ripples, which is a complex of architectures of chinese ancient style, including terrace, pavilion and bridge. and the place is wonderful for people to enjoy the scenery of full moon as well as the pleasant music on the evening of traditional chinese mid-autumn festival.

there are several interesting buildings worth lingering a while, for example, the sunset pavilion with a three-piece tablet of eastern wu emperor sun hao’s writing, the outlook pavilion with a tablet of chinese painting and carving, the imperial tablet pavilion with the handwriting of emperor qianlong. nevertheless, what the visitors long to visit most is undoubtedly the office of dr. sun yatsen. when dr. sun yatsen was elected provisional president of the republic of china in 1912 after the 1911 revolution, he had a western style office building put up near the garden where he held important meeting and met friends.

now you can go around and take photos. if you have any problems, please ask me.

南京总统府导游词总统府导游词（2） | 返回目录

各位游客，现在我们将要游览的历史遗迹--南京长江路292号建筑群，就是著名的总统府。

自明初以来，这里多有更迭，历经明、清、太平天国和中华民国等时代。在明代，这里是汉王府;清代设两江总督衙门于此，是清政府统治东南地区的中心。乾隆时期，这里曾为南巡行宫;太平天国时改为天朝宫殿;清朝后期，曾国藩沿袭咸丰三年前的旧督署规模及布局进行改建，仍为两江总督府。19XX年，孙中山就任临时大总统，总统府就设在这里的西花园;1928年，这里又成了国民政府所在地;1948年5月，蒋介石在此就任"总统"。

各位下车后，请向南看，马路对面是一面钢筋水泥建成的总统府照壁，壁前有一汉白玉石碑，碑上道劲有力的行书"太平天国起义百年纪念碑"是郭沫若先生所题。这是1951年为纪念太平天国广西金田村起义100周年而立的，纪念碑两侧为高大的雪松。 大家对总统府大门都不陌生，在许多历史纪录片中都见过。这座西洋古典式大门建于1929年。原先，门是木结构传统衙署前的辕门，后嫌其气势不足而改建。门楼仿古罗马风格，有八根圆柱。这是一座两层半的建筑，一楼为门房、卫士室，二楼为卫兵宿舍，楼顶为升旗平台。1948前，门前正中悬挂"国民政府"大横匾。1948年后改用木制包金箔的"总统府"三个大，1949年人民解放军攻占南京后被摘下。

进入大门，两侧是类似朝房式的办公室，中间为一个花草繁茂的院落。大门正对面是大堂，也就是我们说的太平天国天王府金龙殿旧址。天朝时这里是"真神金龙殿 "，又称"荣光大殿"。当年，大殿梁栋涂金，饰以龙凤，四壁彩绘，极其富丽堂皇，是洪秀全大朝之地，曾国荃攻陷天京，大肆掠夺后，火烧天王府，但此殿却奇迹般地保全下来。后曾国荃下令揭去红黄墙瓦，剥去泥金盘龙和木雕，将其翻盖为两江总督署的大堂。民国时，这敞开的大堂是举行重大礼仪活动的场所。大堂内正梁上悬挂孙中山手书的"天下为公"红底黑匾。 穿过大堂可见一红柱长廊直通庭院深处。

西边为原总统府礼堂(清代总督署花厅)，是民国时重大典礼的活动场所。如1948年蒋介石、李宗仁就任"总统""副总统"的就职大典;外国使臣递交国书;召开重要会议;举行国宴等都在这里举行。

东边为"清两江总督署史料展馆"，馆名由著名清史专家戴逸先生题写。两江指江南省和江西省，江南省辖今天的江苏、安徽南部的上海。在清朝，总督是地方最高长官，通常兼兵部尚书衔和右都御史衔，文官从一品，其职为"厘治军民，察举官吏，修饬封疆"。两江总督始于康熙四年，管辖范围仅次于直隶。

这里看到的两江总督署大堂是根据史料模拟陈设的。大堂为商讨军机和拜祀的地方。正中上方悬挂乾隆御赐当时两江总督尹继善的"惠洽两江"额匾。两侧放置总督职衔牌，公案旁有两把杏黄伞，这是封疆大臣出行仪仗中必不可少的。公案后屏风为朝阳、仙鹤和海潮图案。大堂两旁有一对联："虽贤哲难免过差愿诸君谠忠言常攻吾短;凡堂属略同师弟使友行修名立方尽我心"，为当时任两江总督的曾国藩所撰写。其意为：就连圣贤人也有差错失误、我愿下属你们常针对我的不足提意见;我希望下属如师弟个个功成名遂，我方安心。两旁耳房，分文左武右，为休息室。

史料陈列馆门上横匾"清风是式"由乾隆所题，赐予总督于化龙。里面介绍了1842年以来近代史上11位有影响的总督。分四部分内容，即鸦片战争、洋务运动、仿制西学和辛亥风雨。另外，对总督仪仗也做了介绍。

出了两江总督史料馆向北，我们就来到天朝宫殿历史文物陈列馆，馆名由胡绳题写，分为天王宫殿(天王宝座)、天王书房和天王内宫三部分，是请苏州古建专家和工匠依当年形制仿建的，并用模型向人们展现了太平天国时天王宫殿的全貌。展览共分五部分，即定都天京、社会风情、兴政建制、天京内讧和天国倾覆，系统介绍了轰轰烈烈的太平天国XX年的兴衰史。

现在我们就去总统府参观蒋介石和李宗仁当年办公的地方。经过走廊，来到一静谧小院。这幢两层小楼就是子超楼--国民政府的中枢办公楼。

子超楼为西洋式楼房，建于1934年，均采用进口建材兴建。这幢小楼共耗费银元十多万元。1935年底完工，1936年开始启用。民国时，任国民政府主席时间最长的是林森，他的叫子超，所以将此楼命名为"子超楼"。1948年5月，蒋介石召开第一次国民大会，并被选为总统，故此楼又称"总统府办公大楼 "。新中国建立后江苏省有关机构曾在此地办公。

现在我们就进入子超楼参观，请大家依照规定路线向前走。

一楼是文书局(第一局)，管六科一室。它由政府文官处管辖，后由总统府秘书长领导，主要管理中枢文告、政令和玺印、文印。

二楼朝北两间为秘书长办公室。秘书长管文书局、政务局、印铸局、日常事务、重要文稿等。紧挨秘书长办公室的是副总统办公室--李宗仁办公室。李与蒋政见相左，派系不合，故此办公室形同虚设，李一直在傅厚岗官邸办公。南面套房为蒋介石的办公室，共有三间。一间为办公室，临窗有一巨形写台，一张特制的皮转椅，顶悬法国产的精美吊灯。办公室东间为蒋介石的休息室，配有卫生间。西间为书房和接待室。

三楼是新复原的国务会议厅，正北墙上有一汉白玉条石，上有林森亲笔书写的"忠孝仁爱信义和平"，横额上有孙中山像和中华民国国旗。南面墙上是蒋介石着大元帅戎装礼服像。屋顶有法国制造的吊灯，室内清一色长桌配高靠背皮椅。正中朝南是蒋介石的专席，此椅比其他的要大得多。国务会议组成人员一般为：正副总统、五院院长、当然委员和另设委员。每两周开会一次，主要讨论制订立法原则、施政方针、军政大计、财政计划预算、任免官员和总统交议之事等内容。

各位游客，处于总统府中轴线上的几处景点就参观完了，现在我们去西花园--煦园参观游览。

前面说过，总统府的前身是汉王府。汉王指的是陈友谅之子陈理的封号，因这里是朱元璋为他建造的府邸而得名。后来陈被遣送去了高丽。永乐二年(14XX年)，明成祖朱棣封次子朱高煦为汉王，也居于此，故又称煦园。现存部分是当年汉王府的西花园，所以煦园也被称为西花园。

清康熙年间，曹玺、曹寅父子(曹雪芹的曾祖父、祖父)曾在设于煦园的江宁织造廨署任职。据一些红学专家考证，《红楼梦》中的许多场景，就取材于此。 煦园，占地1.4公顷，可以分三个部分游览。一是园门前的小院;二是东半部以建筑山石为主的园林;三是西半部以瓶状水池为中心的园林。现在我们依次参观。

东侧外门原为歇轿处，门额砖刻"璇原"，内门额刻"飞黄"，均为清末两江总督行署原物。进入东侧外门，是一个三角形的小院落，粉墙上洞开一园门，上额题" 煦园"。别看它只是个小院落，却是整个园林的"序"。园门上点明"煦园"，像是开题。小院高墙，有利于游人收缩视线，从心理上做好细品慢究的准备，真正领略园林的"真谛"。小院中，高墙最为引人注目。高墙，是安全的需要，但从园林艺术而言，真正功用是遮挡，符合古人含蓄、不事张扬和财不外露的思想。为避免呆板，高墙的墙脊做成波浪形，称为游龙脊。因其状若云头，又称为"云墙"或"龙拱墙"。

园门呈圆形，称为月亮门、月洞门或月门。透过国门远观园内景色，如对明镜，意趣无穷。

小院左前方，有太湖石堆起的土台。上方的这块湖石外形很像跃起的鲤鱼，正合鲤鱼跳龙门之说，不仅使小院顿生盎然情趣，还暗喻了生活富足、年年有余、飞黄腾达等好彩头。此石虽难与上海玉玲珑、苏州冠云峰、玄武湖观音石相比，但神韵独具，也堪称一绝。

从月门入园，大家慢走细品。左边是一座由太湖石堆成的假山，山上有六角亭一座。此谓开门有山，入门见亭。有石阶可登顶。假山有如影壁，用来隔景，可造成悬念，激发游兴。

假山的西北是"桐音馆"。桐音出典于《后汉书.蔡邕传》："吴人有烧桐木爨者，邕闻火烈之声，知其良木。因说而裁为琴，果有美音。而其尾犹焦，故时人名曰 ’焦尾琴’。"所以桐音即琴音。这里又有一个故事，说俞伯牙抚琴，惟钟子期闻而知雅意，有高山流水之想，俞遂引钟为知音。钟死后，伯牙因知音已逝，从此不再抚琴。所以琴音又引申为知音。故桐音者，知音也。这是主人款待知心好友的地方。"桐音馆"三为林散之先生题写。

西南的一亭双顶就是方胜亭，俗称"鸳鸯亭"。这也是民国前江南惟一的方胜亭。方胜，又称双菱，指两菱形相叠。亭基方胜，上为双顶、远观似双亭并立，近看却一亭独伫，小巧玲珑，颇为别致。飞檐翘角，如欲飞的鸳鸯，在枇杷和桂树的掩映下，十分生动。梁柱间有很大的彩绘"雀替木"，这是清代建筑的特征之一。因其少用斗拱，为出挑檐，只得加大这种斜角支撑物。亭里可见一些龙凤狮虎等动物形状的刻绘。走进方胜亭，东观假山上的六角亭，西览水池中的不系舟，又是一处左右逢源的佳景。

现在，我们来到了西花园西部的水池边。水池形如巨大的花瓶，池壁所砌的青砖都是太平军从明故宫城墙上拆来的。花瓶是中国的传统摆设，是一种吉祥物。过去客厅案桌上必放置花瓶，取意为平静、平安、平和、太平等。太平军将水池砌成瓶状，应是取平等之义。我们姑且称其为太平池。也有称为太平湖的，但因四壁都砌了砖，故称池更为贴切。太平池的南北对景是不系舟和漪澜阁，东西对景为喜上眉梢谢(又称忘飞阁)和夕佳楼。

一座曲折的小石桥通往不系舟，入口处是太湖石叠成的门洞，依稀像一个繁体的"寿"。这种叠石称作相形叠山。据说是由叠山高手作为相士，他边相，工匠边叠，叠出的假山形神兼备，气韵生动。这个"寿"假山就是相形叠山的神来之笔。据传，每走过这里一次，可添一次寿算，久之就能长命百岁。

前面就到了不系舟。这是一座建于水中的石舫，故称"不系之舟"。它是清乾隆十一年(1746年)两江总督尹继善为迎接皇帝南巡而建造的。船形若江南花船(一种游览时吃船菜听小曲的船)，舫下是青条石的船身，舱为木制，上覆卷棚瓦顶，长14.50米，船头宽4.63米，尾宽4. 56米，棚高2.77米。舫，俗称旱船，一般分为三部分。头舱俗称纱帽厅，占全舫的二分之一;中舱一隔为二，旁设木窗，供人宴饮观赏;后为尾舱。不系舟分为前后两舱，前舱以一套根雕家具布置成客厅。全船木雕十分富丽堂皇。门楣上雕刻的蝙蝠、梅花鹿、山猫(兽)分别喻意福、禄、寿、其他还有牡丹、万年青、仙鹤等，都是长寿富贵之意。石舫门柱上有木雕彩塑狮子两个，额部有"王"。匾额原为乾隆所题，已无存，现为书法家费新我左书。乾隆、洪秀全、孙中山等都曾于此休憩。江南园林中石舫较为常见，此处乾隆称其为不系舟，又是何故呢?我们可以从唐太宗的一段话里找出答案。唐太宗告诫太子李治(高宗)说："是以庶黎比做水，君王比做舟。水亦载舟，水亦覆舟。"就是说，要善待百姓，居安思危，有忧患意识。可见，乾隆称其为不系舟，是说自己的江山社稷稳如磐石。

沿着小石桥，我们来到太平池的西岸。位于池西的夕佳楼，双层檐顶，三面临水。取名夕佳，意为黄昏赏景佳地。夕阳西下，登楼而望，亭、台、阁、榭，无不光彩四射，水中倒影亦是摇曳生辉。夕佳楼围以曲栏，名为"吴王靠"。因过去的绘画作品中常见仕女临水半倚，团扇轻拂，故又称"美人靠"。

夕佳楼西的平台上有木廊可通，台上有一"五爪团龙壁"。壁为九块水磨青砖雕刻而成，面北而立，极富动态，疑为天王府遗物。凉台旁接高墙，起伏似龙，上盖龙凤瓦当，极似龙麟。 在水池西南，有一四方亭，名为"望亭"。此亭上虚下实，上部为望楼，地势最高，能俯视全园。下部为方室，即"印心石屋"碑亭。正中有一方砖壁，一面为二龙戏珠浮雕，另一面嵌道光年间两江总督陶澍故里"资江印心石屋山水全图"和陶澍呈给道光的谢恩奏折。碑高48厘米，宽155厘米。

夕佳楼后廊壁上嵌有一碑，黝黑斑烂，称"天发神谶碑"。它原为东吴孙皓"天玺记功碑"，因发现时即断为三截，故又有"三段碑"之名。原碑是东吴孙皓天玺元年发现的，意为上天保佑江山稳固，孙皓因此将年号改为天玺。可惜孙皓这番装神弄鬼并未能保佑他坐稳江山。此碑系宣统无年两江总督端方复制。碑文用篆文笔法写隶书，笔致苍润古朴。后代书家称其如折古剑，如断玉簪，是罕见的书法珍品。

北行可见御碑亭。内存乾隆赐萨载和书麟这两位两江总督的诗碑，其一已断，但迹明晰。

现在我们往前走，在右手边有一个院落，大家可以看到里面有一幢黄色西式平房，这就是孙中山的办公室，原为清末两江总督端方建造的花厅。辛亥革命成功后，19XX年元旦当选临时大总统的孙中山乘专车由沪抵宁，当晚十时在原两江总督署的大堂暖阁举行宣誓仪式，正式就任临时大总统职，总统府就设在现在的西花园。平房坐北朝南，七开间。正中一间为穿堂，其西三大间是会议室，其东是小会议室兼临时大总统会客室，又东为办公室，顶东为孙中山休息室，现以旧物陈列供人瞻仰。孙先生卧室位于西花园东北角的小院内，这里有一幢三开间的二层小楼。楼上西为浴室，中为餐室，东为卧室。楼下为眷属住屋。小楼为60年代重修，但花坛及树木仍是旧物。19XX年4月3日孙先生辞去临时大总统职务，离开南京。袁世凯窃取大总统一职，复迁政府往北京。此地为黄兴留守府。 出了这个院落，往北走就来到与不系舟遥相对应的漪澜阁。它建于池中露台之上，四面环水。前有平台，围以石栏，栏上十数只小狮，古拙形象。两旁以单孔石拱桥与两岸相接。阁开三楹，正面为屏风式门，上雕图案均系瓶鼎，谐音平等。檐柱有金狮雕刻。阁为砖木结构，灰瓦覆顶，雕花门窗。南面的露台，可作拜月及听曲之用。中秋之夜，以女人为主祭月神，男人陪祭。祭品多为月饼、水果、菱藕之类。祭毕全家边吃边赏月，同时请乐师隔水奏乐。乐曲声从水面上传过来，格外清润悦耳，这叫"水音"。因其正对不系舟，所以又有"水舟双鉴"之名。民国初年，临时大总统孙文每日往返住所和办公室，这里是必经之地并在此设办公室，故后人称 "中山堂"。

从漪澜阁回到池的东岸，南行即到夕佳楼的对景--喜上眉梢榭。榭者，借也。广三楹，正中一间向前延伸，三面临水迎风。四角有卷曲成梅花绽放枝头状的木雕，上各有两只喜鹊，称为喜鹊登枝，又称为"喜上梅(眉)梢 "。这里是赏晨曦的佳处，也是早读的好地方。

忘飞阁东南有一草棚名棕榈亭。棕榈亭以树木原干为柱，棕榈为盖，本色本样，未髹油漆，十分古拙。亭中置一块巨大的扁平太湖石，形如屏幢，中有一圆形大洞，仿佛嵌入一镜，故称"一鉴石"。在唐代，魏徵是一个敢于直谏的大臣。他死后，唐太宗李世民说，以铜为鉴可以正衣冠，以史为鉴可以知兴替，以人为鉴可以知得失，魏徵死后，我就少了一鉴了。"一鉴石"借此意得名。

从棕榈亭向东就到了桐音馆的后面。这里有一大型太湖石假山。此山堆砌颇具匠心，石径萦纡，高处石梁空架，行若古栈;低处幽径回旋，如入荒谷;内有拱门数重，石洞透光，不辨远近高低。山顶湖石，形态各异，若从不同方向细观，可寻出数种动物形状。假山中有道光皇帝亲书"印心石屋"碑。此碑原在西南角的望亭中，后来移到这里做了假山的垫脚石，被发现后即嵌在假山里。此碑是道光帝为陶澍写的题词，褒奖他在治黄治淮上的功勋。

在游廊的最南端，也就是园门的右边，有一碑亭，内有一块汉白玉石碑。石碑正面镌唐张继《枫桥夜泊》诗："月落鸟啼霜满天，江枫渔火对愁眠，姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船。"碑的背面有清末名学者俞樾考证该诗的碑文。侧面有当时江苏省督军陈夔龙(号筱石)写的跋文。此碑是汪伪考试院长江亢虎附庸风雅，仿照苏州寒山寺碑复制的。当时伪考试院就设于此地。此碑原立于路旁，80年代后移到这里。

我们现在就要走出煦园，大家可以看到月门背面的题额，是篆的"纶音"。这是太平天国时期布告碑上的碑额，不知何故嵌到了这里。纶音，本指美妙的声音，后来用以指天国里神仙或佛祖的声音，又被引申为皇帝的旨意。其中之意，大家不妨自行体味。

好，今天的游览就到这里，谢谢!